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Благородные металлы и их сплавы
ArticleName Измельченные металлсодержащие адсорбенты и способы их переработки. Обзор зарубежных публикаций
DOI 10.17580/tsm.2023.05.04
ArticleAuthor Меретуков М. А., Струков К. И.
ArticleAuthorData

Прага, Чехия:

М. А. Меретуков, независимый эксперт, проф., докт. техн. наук, эл. почта: mamer@inbox.ru

 

ООО «УК ЮГК», г. Пласт, Россия:
К. И. Струков, президент компании, докт. техн. наук, эл. почта: ugold@ugold.ru

Abstract

При использовании технологий CIP (уголь в пульпе) и RIP (смола в пульпе) для извлечения тяжелых цветных, редких, благородных и радиоактивных металлов ключевым фактором, обусловливающим приемлемые экономические показатели, является износ адсорбентов вследствие истирания и осмотического «шока». В настоящее время в мире с помощью CIP-технологии получают более 50 % золота. Обследование зарубежных горно-металлургических комбинатов позволило установить, что на каждом заводе, применяющем угольную сорбцию золота, потери активного угля, содержащего 0,11–0,14 кг/т Au, составляют около 2 тыс. т/год. Для извлечения золота из «отвального» угля предложены термо обработка, электрохимические и флотационные методы. Непрерывный процесс ионообменной сорбции урана из пульп (после отделения песковой фракции), основой которого являются пачуки со встроенным грохотом, используют во многих странах, включая ЮАР, США, Австралию, Россию и Узбекистан. Смолы гелевой структуры менее устойчивы к осмотическим воздействиям, в то время как макропористые смолы более устойчивы к химической обработке, однако высокая пористость снижает их устойчивость к физическому истиранию. В настоящее время основные поставщики смол («Пьюролайт», «Ром энд Хаас», «Доу» и «Леватит») улучшили качество RIP-смол, предназначенных для применения в гидрометаллургии урана. Годовой износ этих смол обычно не превышает 5 %. Для извлечения мелких частиц хелатирующей смолы предложено использовать пенную флотацию, а для регенерации содержащегося в ней золота — обработку сверхкритической жидкостью.

keywords Золото, уран, адсорбция, сорбенты, пульпа, износ, доизвлечение
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