Ural State Mining University, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Kozin V. Z., Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor, Dean of the Mining and Mechanical Faculty, gmf.dek@ursmu.ru
Komlev A. S., Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor, Department of Mineral Processing, tails2002@inbox.ru

The number of spot samples during sampling at processing plants is one of the most important parameters. The calculation of the number of spot samples is stipulated by Russian and international sampling standards. The calculation is based on the coefficient of variation of spot samples. The coefficient of variation consists of two components: high-frequency and low-frequency. The high-frequency part depends on the fundamental characteristics of the sampled products, which consist of individual pieces of varying quality. Formulas have been derived for calculating the highfrequency component of the coefficient of variation of spot samples and the coefficients of variation for liberated intergrowths. The number of spot samples required for piece-by-piece sampling is so large that it is technologically impractical. Formulas linking the coefficient of variation to the mass of a spot sample have been obtained. Pulp flow sampling stations have been developed that enable high-frequency combined sampling.
This research was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in accordance with state assignment No. 0833-2023-0004 for the Ural State Mining University.

1. Karpenko N. V. Sampling and quality control of mineral processing products. Moscow: Nedra, 1987. 215 p.
2. Kozin V. Z., Komlev A. S. Determination of variation coefficients of a mass part of components in concentration products. Obogashchenie Rud. 2019, No. 1. pp. 28–33.
3. Svensmark B. Extensions to the theory of sampling l. The extended Gy’s formula, the segregation paradox and fundamental Sampling uncertainty (FSU). Analytica Chimica Acta. 2021. Vol. 1187. 339127.

4. Szaloki I., Radocz G., Gerenyi A. Fundamental parameter model for quantification of total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. 2019. Vol. 156. pp. 33–41.
5. Kozin V. Z. Sampling of mineral raw materials. Yekaterinburg: Ural State Mining University Press, 2011. 316 p.
6. Kudryavtsev V. Yu., Galass T. Yu., Stepanova I. S., Drobyshev A. A. Product quality control as a tool of competitive recovery of Lebedinsky GOK. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2022. No. 6. pp. 49–53.
7. Sukhov L. T. Laser spectral analysis. Novosibirsk: Nauka: Sibirskoe otdelenie, 1990. 143 p.
8. Morozov V. V., Topchaev V. P., Ulitenko K. Ya., Ganbaatar V., Delgerbat L. Development and application of automated systems of control of mineral dressing processes. Moscow: “Ore and Metals” Publishing House, 2013. 508 p.
9. Sokolov A. D., Demsky M. I. Industrial installation GAA “Au-isomer”. Zolotodobycha. 2021. Iss. 12. pp. 23–25.
10. Morozov V. V., Khurelchuluun I., Delgerbat L. Control over crushing and screening with the help of visiometric analysis of ore. Tsvetnye Metally. 2021. No. 7. pp. 17–23.
11. Varlamova S. A., Zatonsky A. V., Fedoseeva K. A. Study of illumination sensitivity of the glare recognition method for potash flotation machine froths. Obogashchenie Rud. 2021. Iss. 6. pp. 29–33.
12. Panshin A. V., Makavetskas A. R., Shekhirev D. V. An automated mineralogical analysis for beneficiation processes. Obogashchenie Rud. 2013. Iss. 1. pp. 40–43.
13. Dominy S. C., Platten J. M., Glass H. J., Purevgerel S., Cuffley B. W. Determination of gold particle characteristics for sampling protocol optimisation. Minerals. 2021. Vol. 11. 1109.
14. Glazatov A. N., Molodtsev M. S., Kazakov A. M., Brazulis L. A. Optimized product quality control at Kola MMC’s mineral processing plant. Tsvetnye Metally. 2020. No. 12. pp. 88–93.
15. Kozin V. Z., Komlev A. S. High-frequency sampling of point samples of lump ores. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2024. No. 1-1. pp. 153–166.
16. Morozov V. V., Stolyarov V. F., Konovalov N. M. Increase of floatation control efficiency by means of on-stream pulp content analyzers. Obogashchenie Rud. 2003. No. 4. pp. 33–36.
17. Galyanov A. V., Tsypin E. F. Fundamentals of ore preparation technology at a mining enterprise. Moscow: Infra-Inzheneriya, 2024. 292 p.
18. Galyanov A. V., Laptev Yu. V. Investigation of mixing processes of crushed ore material. Proceedings of the Mining Institute. No. 87. 1988. pp. 77–89.
19. Galyanov A. V., Kabaev A. L., Moltusov G. P. On the evaluation of the averaging effect when combining ore streams. Izvestiya Vuzov. Gornyi Zhurnal. 1977. No. 6. pp. 14–17.
20. Sona M., Dube J.-S. Sampling particulate matter for analysis – Controlling uncertainty and bias using the theory of sampling. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2021. Vol. 1185. 338982
21. Komlev A. S. Combined method of sampling and reduction of mineral products: scientific monograph. Yekaterinburg: Izdatelstvo “Fort Dialog-Iset”, 2020. 216 p.