Academician Asanaliev Institute of Mining and Mining Technologies, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan:

L. E. Orolbaeva, Associate Professor, Candidate of Geological–Mineralogical Sciences, orolbaeval@mail.ru

Considerable reserves of underground fresh water and mineral-thermal water are found in the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. Natural factors pre-determined the patterns of the formation of surface and underground flows, their interaction, and the specifics of groundwater distribution and hydrodynamics. The local hydrological and geological-and-hydrogeological conditions are specific. The major high quality fresh groundwater resources are concentrated in intermountain artesian basins. Each of the basins accommodates the entire range of processes of groundwater formation: recharge, flow, internal distribution and discharge. The main reserves of fresh groundwater occur close by friable fragmental alluvial proluvial deposits of the Quaternary age. The noteworthy area is the area of intensive loss of river flow to recharge groundwater, making up 50–75 % of the total river flow running from foothills to depressions, where the reserves of groundwater used for drinking water supply occur. Underground water distributed ubiquitously within intermountain basins is characterized by high quality. The deposits of fresh groundwater are used for drinking, household, industrial and technical (irrigation) purposes. In accordance with the performed zoning with respect to the degree of groundwater pollution protection, a considerable part of groundwater territories is poorly protected. To preserve groundwater, it is required to optimize and extend the existing water monitoring networks, as well as to create protected areas of promising deposits, with the limited placement of industries and a regime of groundwater protection against pollution and depletion.

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