Moscow State Mining University (MGGU)

A. A. Abramov, Professor, e-mail: AbramovAA31@mail.ru

On the basis of laws established in organic and analytical chemistry, biomineralization and flotation requirements to a choice and designing of selective reagents-collectors are proved and formulated. Requirements providing selective interaction of the collector functional group with elements of the minerals crystal lattice include conformity of the functional group of the collector and the cation of a mineral floated to the Pirson’s principle, maintenance of the maximal distinction in solubilities of collector products on the surface of minerals divided and conformity to Kulberg’s rule by which the maximal durability and selectivity of compounds formed is provided only at conformity of geometrical, stereochemical and electronic parameters of the collector ligand and adsorption centers of the mineral surface. The ionic-molecular complex of the physically sorbed collector should have the positive values of its hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance, the insignificant size which is characteristic for initial stages of associates and micelle formation, to possess the certain kinetic of relaxation on a liquid-gas interface. Requirements to properties of molecules of selective collectors foresee conformity of solubility of the collector to a value of its critical ions concentration providing formation of a chemisorbed covering on the surface of the mineral floated. Value of the critical concentration of collector ions at рН_тнз or рН_иэс of the floated mineral should answer conditions of the initial stage of oxyhydrilic and cationic collectors micelletion in this case or to the value of sulphhydrilic collectors oxidation potential on a mineral surface. An estimation of the collector selectivity should be carried out by distinction in floatability of minerals divided in its presence at рН values of zero charge or isoelectric conditions of their surface.

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