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COMPOSITES AND MULTIPURPOSE COATINGS
ArticleName Al – Ca – Ni – Ce-based aluminium matrix composites hardened with L12 phase nanoparticles without quenching
DOI 10.17580/tsm.2018.12.08
ArticleAuthor Akopyan Т. К., Letyagin N. V., Doroshenko V. V.
ArticleAuthorData

1MISiS National University of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia ; 2Baykov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia:

Т. К. Akopyan, Research Fellow at the Department of Metal Forming1, 2, e-mail: nemiroffandtor@yandex.ru

 

MISiS National University of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia:
N. V. Letyagin, Post-Graduate Student at the Department of Metal Forming, e-mail: n.v.letyagin@gmail.com
V. V. Doroshenko, Post-Graduate Student at the Department of Metal Forming

Abstract

With the help of the Thermo-Сalc software, the authors did thermodynamic calculations to examine the Al – Ca – Ni – Сe – Fe – Zr – Sc phase diagram. Alloys with optimum concentrations of calcium (4%), nickel (2%), cerium (2%) and a possible concentration of iron of up to 0.4% were selected for laboratory analysis. In the above range of concentrations, after the crystallization of primary dendrites (Al) one should expect to see a number of multiphase eutectic transformations. Thus, a double reaction L → (Al) + Al9FeNi is followed by a triple reaction L → (Al) + Al3Ni + Al9FeNi and a quadruple reaction L  (Al) + Al9FeNi + Al3Ni + Al4Ca, and the crystallization ends with a five-phase reaction L → (Al) + Al11Ce3 + Al3Ni + Al4Ca + Al9FeNi. The total share of minor phases is at least 25 wt.%. That is why this alloy can be considered an aluminium matrix composite. The microstructural analysis of the as-cast base alloy Al4Ca2Ni2Ce0.4Fe and the alloys Al4Ca2Ni2Ce0.4Fe0.4Zr and Al4Ca2Ni2Ce0.4Fe0.2Zr0.1Sc doped with zirconium and scandium was based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, as well as electron probe analysis. The obtained results show that the microstructure of the alloys in view is comprised of primary crystals (Al) and dispersed multiphase eutectic colonies. The calcium, nickel and cerium are concentrated in eutectic, and the scandium and zirconium – in eutectic and primary crystals (Al). The presence of zirconium and scandium in the as-cast (Al) makes dispersion hardening possible, which becomes the result of solid solution disintegration and further precipitation of coherent nanoparticles of the L12 — Al3(Zr, Sc) phase during annealing. This process was investigated by measuring hardness of cast specimens during staged annealing. The maximum hardness (HV) can be achieved after the following procedure of staged annealing: 3 h at 300 oC plus 3 h at 350 oC. This can result in an over 20% increase in hardness in the alloy containing 0.20% Zr and 0.1% Sc.
The research was carried out with the financial support of the grant provided by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 18-79-00345) (thermodynamic calculations, SEM, mechanical tests), as well as Fundamental Research Program 37P financed by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (synthesis of alloys, TEM).

keywords Al – Ca – Ni – Ce alloy, Al3(Zr, Sc) nanoparticles, thermodynamic calculations, phase transformations, microstructure, annealing, quenching.
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